Samaritanism

Origins and Development

Samaritanism traces its roots to the early Israelites and Hebrews. The Samaritans believe they are the true descendants of the Israelites who remained in the land during the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom of Israel around 720 BCE. Central to their tradition is the schism with the Jewish community, which they attribute to High Priest Eli’s departure from Mount Gerizim—considered the original holy site—to establish a competing altar in Shiloh. Their distinct history as a group dates back to the 6th–3rd century BCE, and they regard themselves as the faithful guardians of the original Israelite religion.

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Ancient Tradition

Samaritanism does not have a single founder. Instead, it developed from the ancient Israelite religion and traditions. Key figures in their history include Moses and Joshua, who are also significant in Judaism.

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Theological Classification

Monotheistic – Samaritans believe in one God (YHWH) and follow the Samaritan Pentateuch, which they consider the original and unchanged version of the Torah. Unlike mainstream Judaism, Samaritans reject the Talmud and hold that Mount Gerizim, not Jerusalem, is the true holy site for worship. Their faith traces back to the ancient Israelites, but it developed separately after the Assyrian conquest of the Kingdom of Israel.

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Key Text

The central religious text of Samaritanism is the Samaritan Pentateuch, which they believe is the original and unaltered version of the Torah. This text is written in Samaritan Hebrew and is considered the most sacred scripture by the Samaritans.

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Deities/Key Figures

• Yahweh: The one true God worshipped by the Samaritans.

• Moses: Considered the greatest prophet and lawgiver.

• Joshua: A key figure in leading the Israelites into the Promised Land.

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Growth

The Samaritan community has remained relatively small throughout history. Their population significantly declined due to various factors, including the Assyrian conquest, the Samaritan revolts against the Byzantine Empire, and subsequent Christianization and Islamization. Today, there are approximately 800 Samaritans, primarily residing in Israel and the West Bank.

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Core Beliefs

• Monotheism: Belief in Yahweh as the one true God.

• Sacred Site: Mount Gerizim is considered the holiest site, where they believe the Binding of Isaac took place.

• Samaritan Pentateuch: Adherence to their version of the Torah, which they believe is the original and unaltered text.

• Preservation of Ancient Traditions: Samaritans see themselves as the true preservers of the original Israelite religion.

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Rituals and Practices

• Passover: Celebrated with a sacrificial lamb on Mount Gerizim.

• Sukkot and Shavuot: Other significant festivals observed by the Samaritans.

• Daily Prayers: Conducted in Samaritan Hebrew and Aramaic.

• Pilgrimages: Regular pilgrimages to Mount Gerizim for religious observances.

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Cultural Impact

The Samaritans have had a significant cultural impact, particularly in the regions of Israel and the West Bank. Their unique religious practices and traditions have been preserved over millennia, contributing to the rich tapestry of Abrahamic religions.

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Enduring Legacy

Despite their small numbers, the Samaritans have maintained their distinct religious identity and traditions. Their commitment to preserving their ancient faith and practices continues to be a testament to their enduring legacy. The Samaritan community remains a living link to the ancient Israelites and their religious heritage.