Place of Origin: Ancient Persia (Greater Iran)
Origin Date: Circa 1200 BCE (Avestan period)
Domain: Evil, chaos, destruction, and falsehood
Symbols: None traditionally associated, as he represents destruction rather than creation.
Attributes: Deceit, chaos, destruction, and opposition to truth
Religion: Zoroastrianism
Description
Angra Mainyu, also known as Ahriman in Middle Persian, is the embodiment of evil and chaos in Zoroastrianism. As the antithesis of Ahura Mazda, Angra Mainyu represents the destructive forces opposing truth, light, and order. His name translates to "Destructive Spirit," and he is often associated with deceit, greed, wrath, and envy. Angra Mainyu is believed to have created a host of demons to attack the good creation of Ahura Mazda, leading to the cosmic struggle between good and evil. Despite his destructive nature, Zoroastrian eschatology predicts his ultimate defeat, where he and his demons will be confined and extinguished.
Relations: Ahura Mazda (opponent), Spenta Mainyu (twin spirit in some interpretations)
Epithets: The Lie, Spirit of Chaos, Adversary of Truth
Equivalents: None directly, though he is sometimes compared to Satan in Abrahamic religions.
Iconography: Angra Mainyu is rarely depicted in art, as Zoroastrianism emphasizes the worship of good over the representation of evil.
Worship Beliefs and Practices
Angra Mainyu is not worshipped but is acknowledged as the adversary in Zoroastrian rituals and prayers, which aim to strengthen the forces of good against his influence.
Narratives:
The Cosmic Struggle: Angra Mainyu wages war against Ahura Mazda's creation, unleashing chaos and suffering. (Source: Boyce, M. (1975). Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge.)
The End of Evil: Angra Mainyu is defeated in the final reckoning, leading to the restoration of cosmic order. (Source: Boyce, M. (1983). A History of Zoroastrianism. Brill.)
Sacred Texts: Avesta (references to Angra Mainyu in Yasna and Vendidad, circa 1200 BCE)