Place of Origin: Ancient Persia (Greater Iran)
Origin Date: Circa 1200 BCE (Avestan period)
Domain: Fire, purification, and cosmic order
Symbols: Sacred fire, flames, and the hearth
Attributes: Purification, truth, protection, and divine judgment
Religion: Zoroastrianism
Description
Atar, also known as Ātar or Ātaxš, is the divine representation of fire in Zoroastrianism. Revered as both a physical and spiritual entity, Atar symbolizes purity, truth, and the divine presence of Ahura Mazda. Fire, as a sacred element, serves as a medium for worship and a bridge between the mortal and divine realms. Atar is also associated with the concept of judgment, as fire is believed to reveal truth and purify the soul. The Avesta describes Atar as a protector of cosmic order and a force against chaos and falsehood.
Relations: Ahura Mazda (creator), Yazatas (divine collective)
Epithets: The Purifier, Guardian of Fire, Divine Flame
Equivalents: Often compared to the Vedic god Agni, who also represents fire and purification.
Iconography: Atar is often represented as a sacred flame, depicted in Zoroastrian temples and rituals.
Worship Beliefs and Practices
Atar is central to Zoroastrian worship, with sacred fires maintained in temples as symbols of divine presence. Rituals involve offerings of sandalwood and prayers to honor and sustain the sacred flame.
Narratives:
The Purifying Flame: Atar is invoked in rituals to cleanse and purify both the physical and spiritual realms. (Source: Boyce, M. (1975). Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge.)
The Fire of Judgment: Atar is depicted as a divine judge, revealing truth through the ordeal of fire. (Source: Boyce, M. (1983). A History of Zoroastrianism. Brill.)
Sacred Texts: Avesta (Yasna and Vendidad, circa 1200 BCE)